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"FOD" redirects here. For the song by Green Day, see Dookie. For the gay slang, see Friend of Dorothy.
FOD damage to the compressor blades of a Honeywell LTS101 turboshaft engine on a Bell 222, caused by a small bolt that passed through the protective inlet screen.
FOD deflection system on a PT6T installed on a Bell 412. Air enters from upper right, and pure air follows the curved ramp down to the turbine inlet (also covered by a screen). Any debris being sucked in will have enough momentum that it won't make such a sharp bend, and will hit the screen on the upper left, and will be carried out to the left, getting blown overboard.
Foreign Object Damage or Foreign Object Debris (FOD) is a substance, debris or article alien to the vehicle or system which would potentially cause damage. Foreign Object Damage is any damage attributed to a foreign object that can be expressed in physical or economic terms that may or may not degrade the product's required safety and/or performance characteristics. Typically, FOD is an aviation term used to describe both the damage done to aircraft by foreign objects, and the foreign objects themselves (i.e. any object that has, or is likely to, cause damage.)
"Internal FOD" is used to refer to damage or hazards caused by foreign objects inside the aircraft. For example, "Cockpit FOD" might be used to describe a situation where an item gets loose in the cockpit and jams or restricts the operation of the controls. "Tool FOD" is a serious hazard caused by tools left inside the aircraft after manufacturing or servicing. Tools or other items can get tangled in control cables, jam moving parts, short out electrical connections, or otherwise interfere with safe flight. Aircraft maintenance teams usually have strict tool control procedures including toolbox inventories to make sure all tools have been removed from an aircraft before it is released for flight. Tools used during manufacturing are tagged with a serial number so if they're found they can be traced.
FOD costs the aerospace industry $1.1-$2 billion USD per year in direct costs, and as much as ten times that amount in indirect costs from delays, aircraft changes, incurred fuel costs, unscheduled maintenance, and the like for a total of $12 billion USD per year and causes expensive, significant damage to aircraft and parts and death and injury to workers, pilots and passengers.
It is estimated that FOD costs major airlines in the United States $26 per flight in aircraft repairs, plus $312 in such additional indirect costs as flight delays, plane changes and fuel inefficiencies.
In the United States, the most prominent gathering of FOD experts occurs at the annual National Aerospace FOD Prevention Conference. It is hosted in a different city each year by National Aerospace FOD Prevention, Inc. (NAFPI), a nonprofit association that focuses on FOD education, awareness and prevention. Conference information, including presentations from past conferences, is available at the NAFPI Web site.
Contents
1 Examples
2 Jet engine design and FOD
3 Engine and airframe designs which avoid FOD
4 FOD damage examples
4.1 Air France Flight 4590
4.2 Bombardier Learjet 36A
4.3 British Airways Flight 9
4.4 NATC Douglas TA-4J
4.5 Bird strikes
4.5.1 B-1A crash
4.5.2 Nimrod crash
4.5.3 US Airways Flight 1549
5 Wildlife and wetlands near airports
6 FOD Awareness and Training
6.1 Awareness
6.2 Training
7 Technologies capable of detecting FOD
8 Technologies capable of removing FOD
9 Studies on FOD
10 References
11 External links
//
Examples
Examples of FOD include:
Rocks, broken pavement, vehicle or aircraft parts: Usually occurs when the aircraft is taking off or landing. The intake suction from a jet engine is often powerful enough to suck up loose material lying on the runway, and the winds created by a helicopter or prop-driven aircraft's rotors or by a jet blast can send such objects airborne, creating hazards to nearby personnel. One way to counter this is to install a gravelkit, which exist to certain planes like the early B737.
Parts from ground vehicles
Garbage, maintenance tools, disposed champagne bottles etc. mistakenly or purposely deposited on tarmac and/or runway surfaces.
Hail: can break windshields and damage or stop engines.
Ice on the wings, propellors, or engine intakes
Dust or ash clogging the air intakes (as in sandstorms in desert operating conditions or ash clouds in volcanic eruptions). For helicopters, this is also a major problem during a Brownout.
Tools, bolts, metal shavings, lockwire, etc. mistakenly left behind inside aircraft during the manufacturing process or maintenance.
Generally speaking, Bird strikes (when an aeroplane flies...(and so on)
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