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Osa class missile boat

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Osa I (Project 205) craft
Class overview
Name:
Osa I (Project 205)
Operators:
see below
Preceded by:
Komar class missile boat
Succeeded by:
Tarantul class corvette
Subclasses:
Osa I, Osa II
Completed:
400+
General characteristics
Type:
fast attack craft
Displacement:
172 tons standard, 210 tons full load
Length:
37.5 m
Beam:
7.64 m
Draught:
3.8 m
Propulsion:
3 M504 B2 waterjets; 12,500 hp
Speed:
38 knots
Range:
500 nm at 35 knots
Crew:
26 / 28
Armament:
2 AK-230 30 mm/651 SA-N-5 SAM (1x4) MANPAD air defence missiles (Osa II)4 SS-N-2A Styx
The Osa class is the NATO reporting name for a group of fast attack craft developed for the Soviet Navy in the early 1960s. The Soviet designations are Project 205 (?????? 205) and Project 205U (?????? 205?) Tsunami. These craft are probably the most numerous class of missile boats ever built, with over 400 vessels constructed for both the Soviets and for export to allied countries. Two main variants were built: the Osa 1 (Project 205) which had box-shaped missile containers and the Osa 2 (205U) which had cylindrical missile containers. "Osa" means "wasp" in Russian, but it is not an official name.
Contents
1 Origins
2 Project
3 Combat service
4 Ships
4.1 Osa I
4.2 Osa II
5 References
//
Origins
These missile boats were designed to be much better fighting vessels than the previous Komar (Project 183R) class. While the Komars were cheap and efficient (and the first to sink a warship, destroying the Israeli Navy's Eilat), their endurance, sea keeping and habitability were modest and the missile box was vulnerable to damage from waves. Among their weak points was the wooden hull, the radar set lacking a fire control unit, and as single defenive position consisting of two manually operated 25 mm guns, (even if quite powerful themselves) with a simple optical sight. The Komars' offensive weapons were a pair of SS-N2A/P-15 missiles, and there was not enough capacity to hold the more recent longer-ranged P-15Ms. The sensors were not effective enough to utilize the maximum range of missiles, and the crew, numbering eleven, was not large enough to employ all the systems. As a result of these well recognized shortcomings, Komars were organized in squadrons of six units, because it was expected that every NATO destroyer needed two missile hit to be sunk and this could only be assured with 12 missiles. Since 'Komar's were rated with a rather low capability to survive, it was necessary to use three squadrons for every target, to assure one was successful.
Project
Osa ships were bigger than 'Komar' class, with a mass four times greater, and thirty crew. They still were meant as 'minimal' ships for the planned tasks.
The hull was metallic (steel), with low and wide superstructure made of lighter AMG alloys, continuous deck and a high free-board. The edges of the deck were rounded and smooth to ease washing off radioactive contamination in the case of nuclear warfare. The hull was quite wide, but OSAs could still achieve high speeds as they had three diesel engines capable of 12,000 hp (15,000 hp on Osa II), on three axis (to simplify the design, paradoxically, all engines were linked to one propeller). The powerful engines allowed a maximum speed of 40 knots (with 60 hp/ton, three times that of a 'fast tank' like Leopard 1) and reasonable endurance and reliability. There were also three diesel generators. Two main engines and one generator were placed in the forward engine room, the third main engine and two generators in the aft engine room. There was a control compartment between the two engine rooms.
The problem related to the weak anti-aircraft weaponry was partially solved with the use of two AK-230 turrets, in fore and aft deck (similar to the Hegu class, a Chinese improved and longer Komar, with an additional 25 mm gun). A 'Drum Tilt' radar was placed in a high platform, and controlled the whole horizon, despite the superstructures that were quite wide but low. So, even if placed in the aft, this radar had a quite good field of view all around. The AK-230s were unmanned, quite low and small, each armed with two 30 mm guns capable of firing 2,000 rpm (400 practical) with 2,500 m practical range. Use against surface targets was possible, but as with the previous Komar ships, once all missiles were expended it was planned to escape and not fight. Effective anti-surface weaponry was not available until the introduction of the Tarantul corvettes, with 76 mm guns.
The missile armament consisted of four hangars (protected from bad weather conditions) each with one SS-N 2/P-15 missile. This doubled the available weapons, allowing more persistent actions in the sea....(and so on)

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Humbug (magazine)

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In the first issue of Humbug (August 1957), Jack Davis illustrated Harvey Kurtzman's parody of Elia Kazan's film of Tennessee Williams' Baby Doll (1956). Here is a page from "Doll-Baby" with Davis' caricatures of Karl Malden, Carroll Baker and Eli Wallach. The similarity to an animation walking cycle prompts appearances by animated cartoon characters--Goofy, Farmer Al Falfa and Felix the Cat.
Humbug was a humor magazine edited by Harvey Kurtzman with satirical jabs at movies, television, advertising and various artifacts of popular culture, from cereal boxes to fashion photographs. When it began August 1957 in a black-and-white comic-book size format, Kurtzman delivered his declaration of editorial principles in the first issue:
We won't write for morons. We won't do anything just to get laughs. We won't be dirty. We won't be grotesque. We won't be in bad taste. We won't sell magazines.
Several of the contributing artists had previously worked with Kurtzman when he was the editor of Mad, including Wallace Wood, Jack Davis, Al Jaffee and Will Elder. The 32-page first issue featured a front cover by Elder (with the announcment "The End of the World Is Coming" inside a border design depicting contemporary life), followed with interior artwork by Elder, Kurtzman, Wood, Davis, Jaffee and Arnold Roth. Outside writer contributions included a piece by the novelist and screenwriter Ira Wallach. Elder illustrated Kurtzman's satire of television's rigged Twenty One quiz show, and Davis spoofed the Elia Kazan film of Tennessee Williams' Baby Doll (1956). The second issue expanded from 32 pages to 48 pages.
Size matters
Although Humbug offered the same type of superior satires Kurtzman had previously presented in Mad and Trump, the small size was a genuine problem. It sometimes was the smallest publication in magazine racks, with the result that it was often hidden behind larger magazines. Despite a change to a larger magazine format with the tenth issue, it ceased publication with issue #11. Many contributors to Humbug were also the project's financial supporters, but their investments were lost when the magazine folded because of poor distribution. Kurtzman closed up shop with the following editorial in the magazine's last issue:
Mane're Beat! Satire has got us beat. 1953e started Mad magazine for a comic-book publisher and we did some pretty good satire and it sold very well. 1956e started Trump magazine... and we worked much harder and we did much better satire and we sold much worse. 1957e started Humbug magazine and we worked hardest of all and turned out the very best satire of all, which of course now sells the very worst of all. And now... as they throw rocks at Vice President Nixon... as space gets cluttered with missiles... and as our names are carefully removed from our work in Mad pocketbooks feeling of beatness creeps through our satirical veins and capillaries and we think how George S. Kaufman once said, "Satire is something that closes Saturday night."
Reprints
Some material from the magazine was collected in the paperback, The Humbug Digest (Ballantine Books).
A complete Humbug collection of all 11 issues was reprinted February 2008 in a two-volume slipcased edition by Fantagraphics Books. It includes annotations by John Benson, a lengthy 2005 interview with Arnold Roth and Al Jaffee, plus a four-page explanation of exactly how restoration of the magazine was accomplished by Fantagraphics.
External links
Comparison of Kurtzman layouts with finished Humbug pages
Humbug index by Jerry A. Moore
Categories: Defunct magazines of the United States | Satirical magazines(and so on)

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Cannon Beach, Oregon


(Redirected from Cannon Beach)
Cannon Beach, Oregon
Facing South, with Haystack Rock on the right.
Location in Oregon
Coordinates: 4553?21?N 12357?39?W? / ?45.88917 123.96083? / 45.88917; -123.96083
Country
United States
State
Oregon
County
Clatsop
Incorporated
1956
Government
-Mayor
Mike Morgan
Area
-Total
1.5sqmi(3.9km2)
-Land
1.5sqmi(3.9km2)
- Water
0sqmi(0km2)
Elevation
30ft (9.14m)
Population (2007)
-Total
1,680
-Density
1,066.8/sqmi(411.5/km2)
Time zone
Pacific (UTC-8)
-Summer(DST)
Pacific (UTC-7)
ZIP code
97110
Area code(s)
503
FIPS code
41-10850
GNIS feature ID
1136119
Website
www.ci.cannon-beach.or.us
Cannon Beach is a city in Clatsop County, Oregon, United States. The population was 1,588 at the 2000 census. The 2007 estimate is 1,680 residents.
Contents
1 History
2 Geography
3 Demographics
4 Economy
5 Arts and culture
5.1 Annual cultural events
5.2 Museums and other points of interest
6 Infrastructure
6.1 Transportation
7 References
8 External links
//
History
This section may be confusing or unclear to readers. Please help clarify the article; suggestions may be found on the talk page.

One of the cannons at a site along Highway 101 south of the city
The first recorded European American journey to the area was made by William Clark, one of the leaders of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. The expedition was headquartered at the time near the mouth of the Columbia River. In December 1805, two members of the expedition returned to camp with blubber from a whale that had beached several miles south, near the mouth of what is now known as Ecola Creek. Knowing that the expedition needed some variety in their monotonous winter diet, he decided to journey south from Fort Clatsop over Tillamook Head, which he described in his journal as "the Steepest worst and highest mountain I ever assended [sic]". From a place near the western cliffs of the headland he saw "he grandest and most pleasing prospects which my eyes ever surveyed, in front of a boundless Ocean" That viewpoint is now called Clark's Point of View and can be accessed by a hiking trail from Indian Beach in Ecola State Park.
Upon arriving at what is now Cannon Beach in January 1806, Clark and about 14 of his companions, including Sacagawea, found the flensed skeleton of a 105-foot whale on the beach and the Tillamook (Nehalem) Indians busily boiling blubber for storage. Clark's measurement of the whale skeleton is considered accurate, since he was a professional surveyor, thus it is likely the carcass was that of a blue whale, judging by its size. Clark and his party bartered for 300 pounds of blubber and some whale oil and returned to Fort Clatsop.
Clark applied the name "Ekoli" to what is now Ecola Creek. Ehkoli is a Chinook jargon word for "whale". Early settlers later renamed the creek "Elk Creek", and a community with the same name formed there.
In 1846, a cannon from the US Navy schooner Shark washed ashore just north of Arch Cape, a few miles to the south of the community of Elk Creek. The schooner was wrecked while attempting to cross the Columbia Bar, also known as the "Graveyard of the Pacific" because of the danger of the bar. The cannon, rediscovered in 1898, is in the city's museum and a replica of it can be seen alongside U.S. Route 101. Two more cannons, also believed to have been from the Shark, were discovered on Arch Cape over the weekend of February 16, 2008.

Looking northwest up the beach
The community of Cannon Beach was originally named Ecola, after the creek that empties into the Pacific Ocean to the north of the city. In 1922, it was renamed Cannon Beach (after the name of the beach that extends south of Ecola creek for eight miles, ending at Arch Cape) at the insistence of the Post Office Department because the name was frequently confused with Eola. Elk Creek was renamed Ecola Creek to honor William Clark's original name.
U.S. Route 101 formerly ran through Cannon Beach. In 1964, a tsunami generated by the Good Friday Earthquake came ashore along the coast of the Pacific Northwest. The subsequent flooding inundated parts of Cannon Beach and washed away the highway bridge at the north side of city. The city, now isolated from the highway, decided to attract visitors by holding a sand castle contest-an event that has continued annually.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.5square miles (3.9km2), all of it land.
Cannon Beach is located near several significant fault lines, and during the Scotts Mills earthquake in Oregon in 1993, Cannon Beach's tsunami warning system was activated immediately following the shocks that were strongly felt there in the early hours of the morning, evacuating residents and vacationers alike up steeply sloped Highway 101 towards Cannon Beach Junction.[citation needed]
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,588 people, 710 households, and 418 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,066.8 people per square mile (411.5/km2). There were 1,641 housing units at an average density of 1,102.4/sqmi (425.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 92.57% White, 0.19% African American, 0.88% Native American, 0.31% Asian, 3.27% from other races, and 2.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.52% of the population. 17.2% were of German, 12.6% English, 11.4% Irish and 5.7% American ancestry according to Census 2000.
There were 710 households out of which 20.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.0% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.0% were non-families. 33.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.70.
In the city the population was spread out with 17.4% under the age of 18, 12.3% from 18 to 24, 21.5% from 25 to 44, 32.1% from 45 to 64, and 16.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females there were 86.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.4 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $39,271, and the median income for a family was $45,329. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $21,641 for females. The per capita income for the city was $24,465. About 8.2% of families and 12.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.3% of those under age 18 and 2.1% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
Cannon Beach is an affluent tourist resort destination. Because of its proximity to Portland, Oregon, it is particularly known as a weekend getaway spot for Portlanders.
Arts and culture
Annual cultural events
The city hosts an annual sand castle-building contest in June.
The city also hosts an annual Fourth of July parade. Parades in recent years have featured a military flyover, a "Lawn Chair Brigade" and marchers who toss candy to spectators standing along Hemlock Street.
Museums and other points of interest

Haystack Rock
Cannon Beach is recognized by its well-known landmark, Haystack Rock, located to the southwest of downtown Cannon Beach, near Tolovana Park. This igneous rock has an elevation of 235 feet, and is often accessible at low tide, especially in the summertime. There is a small cave system that penetrates the rock and can be seen from the coastline. The rock is also protected as...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about beauty salon equipment supply , industrial tool supply , pc power switch , container supply , , painting supply , pcpowersupply , craft supply plastic , gymnastics supply , hair supply , .

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Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)


orwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)
Song by The Beatles
Album
Rubber Soul
Released
3 December 1965
Recorded
Abbey Road Studios12 October and 21 October 1965
Genre
Folk rock, raga rock
Length
2:05
Label
EMI, Parlophone, Capitol
Writer
Lennon/McCartney
Producer
George Martin
Music sample

Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)

Problems listening to this file? See media help.
Rubber Soul (UK) track listing
Side one
"Drive My Car"
"Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)"
"You Won't See Me"
"Nowhere Man"
"Think for Yourself"
"The Word"
"Michelle"
Side two
"What Goes On"
"Girl"
"I'm Looking Through You"
"In My Life"
"Wait"
"If I Needed Someone"
"Run for Your Life"
"Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)" is a song by The Beatles which first appeared on the 1965 album Rubber Soul. While credited to Lennon/McCartney, it was primarily written by John Lennon, though Paul McCartney contributed to the middle eight section. It is notable as the first example of a rock band actually playing the sitar in one of their songs; it was played by George Harrison. The song is a lilting acoustic ballad featuring Lennon's lead vocal and signature Beatle harmonies in the middle eight.
"Norwegian Wood" was one of several songs on Rubber Soul in which the singer faces an antagonistic relationship with a woman. In direct contrast to earlier Beatles songs such as "She Loves You" and "I Want to Hold Your Hand", the songs on Rubber Soul were considerably darker in their outlook towards romantic relationships.
The exotic instrumentation and oblique lyric represented one of the first indications to fans of the expanding musical vocabulary and experimental approach that the group was rapidly adopting.
Contents
1 Eastern influence
2 Lyrics
2.1 Inspiration for the song
3 Influence
4 Credits
5 Notes
6 References
7 External links
//
Eastern influence
It was Harrison, who would later be strongly influenced by transcendental meditation, who decided on using a sitar when the Beatles recorded the song on the 12th and 21st of October, 1965. As he recounted later:
We were waiting to shoot the restaurant scene [in Help! the movie] ... where the guy gets thrown in the soup and there were a few Indian musicians playing in the background. I remember picking up the sitar and trying to hold it and thinking, "This is a funny sound." It was an incidental thing, but somewhere down the line I began to hear Ravi Shankar's name.... So I went and bought a Ravi record; put it on and it hit a certain spot in me that I can't explain, but it seemed very familiar to me. It just called on me.... I bought a cheap sitar from a shop called India Craft in London. I hadn't really figured out what to do with it. But when we were working on "Norwegian Wood" it just needed something. It was quite spontaneous ... I just picked it up and found the notes and just played it. We miked it up and put it on and it just seemed to hit the spot. The Beatles Anthology
The song is written in E major. Although the motif for the melody, the first six notes, sounds as if it is directly lifted from the third movement of Tchaikovsky's Manfred Symphony, they are in fact drawn from the antar? [upper-octave variation] of a well-known gat [fixed composition set to a rhythmic accompaniment] of the late-night r?ga Bageshree, in Hindustani classical music.[citation needed]
Lyrics
The lyrics of the song sketch an encounter between the singer and an unnamed girl. They drink wine in her room and talk into the night. However, at 2 A.M. the unnamed girl ceases their flirtation, which the speaker may have been hoping to end in consummation, declaring "it's time for bed", leaving him to crawl off to "sleep in the bath" alone. Later, still early in the morning, the singer finds that the girl has left him for another or out of insincere love, so the singer lights a fire and sets blaze to the unnamed girl's house as a final act of revenge.[citation needed]
"Norwegian Wood" refers to the cheap pinewood that often finished the interiors of working class British flats. The last verse states that the singer lights a fire, the implication being that the singer in fact sets fire to the girl's flat, presumably as revenge for not sleeping with the singer.
McCartney himself states the final line of the song indicates that the singer burned the home of the girl. As he explained:
Peter Asher [brother of McCartney's then-girlfriend Jane Asher] had just done his room out in wood, and a lot of people were decorating their places in wood. Norwegian wood. It was pine, really, just cheap pine. But it's not as good a title, is it, "Cheap Pine"? It was a little parody, really, on those kind of girls who, when you'd get back to their flat, there would be a lot of Norwegian wood. It was completely imaginary from my point of view, but not from John's. It was based on an affair he had. She made him sleep in the bath and then, finally, in the last verse, I had this idea to set the Norwegian wood on fire as a revenge. She led him on and said, "You'd better sleep in the bath." And in our world, that meant the guy having some sort of revenge, so it meant burning the place down....[citation needed]
This exchange took place in a press conference in Los Angeles:
Reporter: I'd like to direct this question to messrs. Lennon and McCartney. In a recent article, Time magazine put down pop music. And they referred to "Day Tripper" as being about a prostitute...
Paul: Oh yeah.
Reporter: ...and "Norwegian Wood" as being about a lesbian.
Paul: Oh yeah.
Reporter: I just wanted to know what your intent was when you wrote it, and what your feeling is about the Time magazine criticism of the music that is being written today.
Paul: We were just trying to write songs about prostitutes and lesbians, that's all.
Inspiration for the song
The song was apparently inspired by Lennon's extramarital flings. Ironically, he wrote it while he was on a holiday with his wife, Cynthia, at St. Moritz in the Swiss Alps. They were joined by the Beatles' producer George Martin, who had injured himself early in the holiday, and his wife. Martin recalled:
It was during this time that John was writing songs for Rubber Soul, and one of the songs he composed in the hotel bedroom, while we were all gathered around, nursing my broken foot, was a little ditty he would play to me on his acoustic guitar. The song was "Norwegian Wood".
When asked what the lyrics were about, Martin answered:
My wife is going to give me a hard time for saying this. It was one of John's indiscretions. I remember we were sitting at the veranda outside our hotel rooms in St. Moritz and John was playing at his guitar and working out the text: "I once had a girl, or should I say, she once had me." He felt that Cynthia had tricked him to marry her.[citation needed]
Martin referred to the words as "a very bitter little story".
Lennon said of the song: "I was trying to write about an affair, so it was very gobbledegooky. I was trying to write about an affair without letting my wife know I was having one. I was sort of writing from my experiences ... girls' flats, things like that." He also said:
"Norwegian Wood" is my song completely. It was about an affair I was having. I was very careful and paranoid because I didn't want my wife, Cyn, to know that there really was something going on outside of the household. I'd always had some kind of affairs going on, so I was trying to be sophisticated in writing about an affair ... but in such a smoke-screen way that...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about heat pipe heatsink , lead sinker mold , elkay faucets , stainless steel kitchen faucets , , corner bathroom sink , undermount bar sink , lavatory faucets , modern kitchen faucets , bathtub faucets , .

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