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Ameli
The Ameli light machine gun.
Type
Light machine gun
Placeoforigin
Spain
Service history
Inservice
1982resent
Usedby
Spain, Mexico
Production history
Designer
CETME
Designed
19741981
Manufacturer
General Dynamics Santa Bbara Sistemas
Produced
1982resent
Specifications
Weight
5.3kg (11.68lb)
Length
970mm (38.2in)
Barrellength
400mm (15.7in)
Cartridge
5.56x45mm NATO
Action
Roller-delayed blowback
Rateoffire
8001,200 rounds/min
Muzzlevelocity
875m/s (2,871ft/s) (SS109 cartridge)
Effectiverange
3001,000 m sight adjustments
Maximumrange
1,650 m
Feedsystem
100 or 200-round M27 belt
Sights
Rear aperture sight and front post340mm (13.4in) sight radius
The Ameli (an abbreviation for the Spanish: Ametralladora ligera or "light machine gun") is a 5.56mm light machine gun designed for the Spanish Army (Ejcito de Tierra) by the nationally owned and operated Centro de Estudios Tnicos de Materiales Especiales (CETME) research institute (founded by the Spanish government in 1950).
Development of the weapon began in 1974 under the supervision of Mar Jimez Alfaro (who would later become the director of CETME). The new weapon was officially unveiled in 1981 and after undergoing exhaustive military trialsdopted into service in 1982 as the standard squad-level support weapon of the Spanish Army, designated the MG82. The Ameli is manufactured at the Empresa Nacional Santa Bbara factory (now General Dynamics Santa Bbara Sistemas) in A Coru?a. The Ameli never saw the widespread adoption originally envisioned for the program due to quality and reliability concerns and is currently being replaced by the Heckler & Koch MG4E light machine gun.
Contents
1 Design details
2 See also
3 References
4 Bibliography
5 External links
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Design details
The Ameli is an automatic weapon and externally resembles the 7.92mm MG 42 machine gun of World War II and its post-war varianthe West German MG3. However, unlike the MG42's roller-locked short recoil operating principle (where the barrel and bolt recoil together a short distance before they unlock), the Ameli uses the delayed blowback method of operation with a fixed barrel and a pair of rollers which retard the rearward movement of the bolt. This mechanism was employed in CETME Model A, B, C and Model L series of rifles, and also in the Heckler & Koch G3 battle rifle, HK33 assault rifle and MP5 series of submachine guns. Similarities with the 7.62mm Model C and 5.56mm Model L rifles extend to the interchangeability of certain parts.
The heart of this system is the bolt assembly, which consists of a bolt head, locking piece and two cylindrical rollers, which upon chambering a round, are displaced outwards by angled surfaces in the forward pressing locking piece and into notches in the barrel extension. The geometry of the walls in the receiver extension and the locking piece ensure that once a shot is fired, the bolt head absorbs the recoil impulse from the ignited cartridge through the base of the empty casing and transmits this rearward pressure onto the rollers forcing them out of their sockets and inward, interacting with inclined surfaces on the locking piece, propelling it backwards at a speed that is approximately 1.5x greater than that of the bolt head, thereby increasing the bolt's inertia and providing a delay in the blowback sequence. The relatively short initial rear displacement of the bolt head immediately after firing and the resulting delay eliminates the probability of a premature case extraction from the chamber (beyond the thick-walled base of the chamber) that would result in the spent casing bursting as the breech is opened only after the bullet has left the barrel and gas pressures inside the barrel have dropped to within safe limits.
The Ameli fires from an open bolt and uses a striker firing mechanism (in which the bolt and internally-channeled firing pin perform the role of a striker). The trigger mechanism permits fully-automatic fire only but the rate of fire can be adjusted by using bolts of variable weight, like in the MG3. The lighter bolts will produce the maximum rate of fire (1,200 rounds/min) while heavier bolt results in a rate of fire of approximately 850900 rounds/min. The weapon features a cross-bolt type safety that disables the sear mechanism when pressed into the "safe" position. The machine gun is fed from an open-link disintegrating M27 ammunition belt that can be strung loosely from the feed tray or placed inside a 100 or 200-round disposable plastic container, which is then clipped to the left side of the receiver. This ammunition container has a transparent rear wall that allows the gunner to monitor ammunition levels visually. Feeding is carried out with a pawl-type feeding mechanism, which was modeled on the MG42 feed system. Spent cartridge casings are ejected downward through a chute in the receiver.
The quick-change type air-cooled barrel is equipped with a slotted flash suppressor. The barrel has a chrome-lined bore with 6 right-hand grooves and a 178 mm (1:7 in) rifling twist rate that is optimized for use with heavier SS109 5.56x45mm NATO rounds. A barrel with a 305 mm (1:12 in) twist rate designed specifically to stabilize the lightweight M193 cartridge is also available. The chamber portion of the barrel has flutes that assist in the extraction sequence; once gas pressure in the bore drops to a safe level, the recycled gases fill the flutes surrounding the cartridge casing, loosening the case from the chamber walls while residual pressure in the barrel forces it back to be ejected downward and forward. A fixed carrying handle is positioned above the rear of the barrel, which aids in barrel changes when the barrel becomes too hot; the barrel can be removed and replaced in 5 seconds.
The Ameli is fitted with a polymer stock, bipod and iron sights that consist of a forward post and rear aperture contained in the carry handle assembly with 300, 600, 800 and 1,000 m range settings. The quick-detachable bipod has a height adjustment feature and is mounted to the barrel heat shroud at the muzzle end. The light machine gun can be deployed with the bipod, in a vehicle mount or on a static tripod mount.
See also
FN Minimi
Stoner 63
References
^ http://www.armyrecognition.com/mexico_army_military_equipment/mexico_mexican_army_land_ground_forces_military_equipment_armoured_vehicle_pictures_information_desc.html
^ a b c d e f g Wo?niak, Ryszard: Encyklopedia najnowszej broni palnejom 1 A-F, page 140. Bellona, 2001.
^ a b c d e Crawford, Steve: Twenty-first Century Small Arms: The World's Great Infantry Weapons, page 76. Zenith Press, September 2003.
^ General Dynamics Santa Bbara Sistemas
^ http://www.heckler-koch.de/HKWebNews/byItemID///22//3/15
Bibliography
Crawford, Steve (2003). Twenty-first Century Small Arms: The World's Great Infantry Weapons. St. Paul, MN: Zenith Imprint. ISBN 9780760315033.
Gander, Terry J.; Ian Hogg (2005). Jane's Guns Recognition Guide, Fourth Edition. London, UK: HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 978-0007183289.
(Polish) Wo?niak, Ryszard (2001). Encyklopedia najnowszej broni palnejom 1 A-F. Warsaw, Poland: Bellona. ISBN 83-11-09149-8.
External links
Modern Firearms
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